Real Estate Terms

Learn the essential real estate terms you need to know as a beginner in the real estate industry. Whether you're listening to the Her First House Podcast and want to understand what a guest meant or are just starting your journey in real estate, this list will help you understand some of the terminology used in the field.

property jargon explained

Real Estate 101: A Comprehensive Glossary

1. Conventional Loan: Standard mortgage from a bank or lender, often with a fixed or adjustable interest rate.

2. FHA Loan (Federal Housing Administration): Government-backed loan with lower down payment requirements, ideal for first-time buyers.

3. VA Loan (Veterans Affairs): Exclusive to eligible military veterans, offering favorable terms and low or zero down payment.

4. USDA Loan: Supports rural homebuyers with low to moderate income, providing affordable financing for properties in qualifying areas.

5. Hard Money Loan: A short-term, high-interest loan from private investors or companies, secured by the property itself. It's often used for quick deals, especially for fix-and-flip projects.

6. Private Money Loan: A loan from individuals rather than traditional lenders, usually friends, family, or private investors. Terms vary and are negotiated privately between the borrower and the lender.

7. Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM): A mortgage with an interest rate that may change periodically, typically after a fixed period.

8. Interest-Only Loan: Borrowers pay only the interest for a certain period, then start repaying the principal.

9. Bridge Loan: Short-term financing to bridge the gap between buying a new property and selling an existing one.

10. Construction Loan: Funds for building a new property, usually converted to a mortgage after construction is complete.

11. Reverse Mortgage: Allows homeowners, typically seniors, to convert home equity into cash while still living in the property.

12. Wraparound Mortgage: A secondary mortgage that "wraps around" an existing one, combining both into a single loan. Often called a “wrap” (like the sandwich!)

13. Assumable Mortgage: A mortgage that a buyer can take over from the seller, often with lender approval.

14. Home Equity Loan: Borrowing against the equity in a home, typically with a fixed interest rate.

15. Shared Appreciation Mortgage (SAM): Lender shares in the appreciation of the property value in exchange for offering favorable loan terms.

16. Energy-Efficient Mortgage (EEM): Specialized loan for energy-efficient home improvements, rolled into the primary mortgage.

17. Subject-To: Buying a property "subject to" the existing mortgage. The buyer takes ownership, but the seller's mortgage remains in place, and the buyer makes payments on it.

18. Lease Option: Renting a property with the option to buy later. The tenant pays rent and may or purchase the right to further purchase the property at a predetermined price within a specified period.

19. Seller Finance (Owner Financing): The seller acts as the lender, allowing the buyer to make payments directly to them instead of obtaining a traditional mortgage. This can be beneficial for buyers who may not qualify for conventional loans, and tax advantageous to sellers.

20. House-Hacking: Living in one part of a multifamily property while renting out the other units to offset expenses.

21. Self-Directed IRA: A retirement account that allows people to invest in a broader range of assets, including real estate, giving them more control over investment choices, within certain restrictions.

22. Escrow: A neutral third party that holds money and important documents during a real estate transaction until all conditions are met, and the deal is completed.

23. ARV (After Repair Value): The estimated value of a property after it has been renovated or repaired.

24. Equity: The difference between the property's current market value and the amount still owed on the mortgage.

25. Appreciation: The increase in the value of a property over time due to various factors like market conditions, improvements, or neighborhood development.

26. Forced Appreciation: Increase in value of a property due to deliberate renovations by the homeowner.

27. Balloon: A real estate loan with a balloon payment requires smaller monthly installments, but a significant final payment is due at a set date, typically after a few years. Investors often plan to sell or refinance before this balloon payment becomes due. Leon Johnson says “Balloons are for clowns.”

28. Buy-Down: Paying an upfront fee to lower the interest rate on a mortgage temporarily, reducing monthly payments.

29. Spread: The difference between the cost of acquiring a property and its increased value after improvements or renovations.

30. Wholesaler: A business-person who contracts a property and then assigns or sells the contract to another buyer without making significant improvements.

31. Flipper: A business-person who buys properties with the intention of quickly renovating and selling them for a profit.

32. Bird-Dog: A person who identifies potential real estate deals for investors in exchange for a fee, without directly participating in the transaction.

33. Novation: The substitution of one party in a contract with the agreement of all involved, transferring obligations and rights.

34. PITI (Principal, Interest, Taxes, Insurance): The four components of a mortgage payment, covering the loan principal, interest, property taxes, and homeowner's insurance.

35. Assignment of Contract: Transferring one's rights and obligations in a real estate contract to another party, often seen in wholesaling deals.

36. Buying on "Terms": Acquiring a property with flexible financing arrangements beyond a traditional mortgage, often involving creative financing methods such as lease options or seller financing.

37. 1031 Exchange: A tax-deferred strategy allowing the sale of one investment property and the purchase of another, deferring capital gains taxes.

38. IRS Article 121 (Section 121): Pertains to the capital gains tax exclusion for homeowners, allowing individuals to exclude a portion of the gain from the sale of a primary residence under certain conditions.

39. BRRR (Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance): A real estate investment strategy involving purchasing a property, renovating it, renting it out to tenants, and then refinancing to pull out the invested capital for use in acquiring additional properties.

40. Duplex: A residential property divided into two separate living units.

41. Triplex: A residential property with three separate living units.

42. Fourplex: A residential property with four separate living units.

43. Multifamily: Generally refers to residential properties with more than four separate living units.

44. NNN (Triple Net Lease): A commercial lease agreement where the tenant pays for property taxes, insurance, and maintenance costs in addition to rent.

45. Storage Units: Facilities where individuals or businesses can rent space to store belongings, often on a monthly basis.

46. Mid-term Rental: A rental arrangement typically lasting a month to several months, falling between short-term and long-term leases.

47. Rental Arbitrage: Subleasing a property or room for a profit, often seen in the context of short-term rentals where the host doesn't own the property.

48. Short-term Rental: Renting out a property for a short duration, typically for a few days to a few weeks.

49. Discount Points: Fees paid upfront to a lender to reduce the interest rate on a mortgage, potentially saving money over the life of the loan.

50. Deed: A legal document that transfers ownership of real property from one party to another.

51. Lien: A legal claim on a property as security for a debt or obligation.

52. Take Title: The process of acquiring legal ownership of a property, often involving the transfer of a deed from the seller to the buyer.

53. Quitclaim Deed: A legal document used to transfer or release a person's interest in a property without providing a guarantee of the extent of that interest.

54. Quick Claim Deed: Incorrect spelling of a “Quitclaim deed.”

55. Warranty Deed: A legal document that guarantees a clear title to the property and provides certain assurances or warranties regarding the property's condition and ownership history.

56. Option: An agreement that gives someone the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a property at a predetermined price within a specified time frame